01 October 2024

Free Tool Finds Details You'll Want to Fix

Consistency is so important to me. That was true when I wrote code for web pages, and it's true now that my family tree is my full-time work.

Recently I discovered an inconsistency in my family tree. For months now, I've been working my way through a long, long list of people in my tree with no source citations. Saturday was my most productive day ever. I completed the source citations for 110 people!

4 canvases show identical high-quality paintings.
Quality control for your family tree includes being consistent in how you record facts.

During the citation process, I noticed the inconsistency. Years ago when adding baptisms to my family tree, I recorded only the date and town. After visiting these places, I started adding the name and address of the church, too. (I found a handy website that lets you look up the names and addresses of churches in any town in Italy.)

Whenever I notice one of my early baptism facts—one without a church name and address—I fill it in and cite my source. But I'm sure I've missed plenty. I wish there were an easy way to find every baptism fact that's missing a church name.

Once again, it's Family Tree Analyzer to the rescue! Using this free tool, I can:

  • Open my latest GEDCOM file
  • Click the Facts tab
  • Select all 7 Relationship Types
  • Select only the Baptism fact
  • Click the button marked Show only the selected Facts for Individuals

This opens a new window that looks like a spreadsheet. It contains only those people with a Baptism fact. (In my case, that 23,077 people.) I can click the top of the Location column to sort the results in alphabetical order.

One of the churches I discovered late in my research is in Santa Paolina. This list shows 700 baptism entries for Santa Paolina that are missing the church name. I'm afraid to count how many church names are missing for the first town I documented long ago: Baselice. There are tons of them! I can also check which Marriage facts don't use a church name.

It's a big job, but I'm glad to have a way to locate and fix them all. I want that consistency for my family tree.

How else can we use Family Tree Analyzer's Facts report? Here are 3 ideas.

How to use the Facts report in Family Tree Analyzer.
One report in a free family tree program is perfect for finding and fixing your less-than-perfect early genealogy work.

1. Pin Down a Specific Oversight

Lots of times a birth record tells you the father and mother's occupation, and I like to add that fact to my family tree. But I worry that I've forgotten to add the baby's birth citation to the parents' occupations.

Using the Facts report in Family Tree Analyzer, I view Occupation facts only. Then I can sort them by the Num Sources column. The number of occupations with 0 sources is staggering!

I can also sort the Occupations by the Comment column. This shows me a ton of farmers and laborers among my Italian relatives. Can you spot any occupation trends among your ancestors? Every dentist in my tree is one of my husband's relatives from Hawaii. I'm surprised to find only 5 miners in my tree, but I have a decent number of railroad workers.

I get a kick out of the more specialized occupations I've found in the U.S. censuses:

  • hop picker at the Wigrich Hop Ranch
  • bacon packer in a packing house
  • chemist at a steel mill
  • bottle washer for a soft beverage company
  • garters maker
  • chick sexer (I have two!)

What are the most unusual occupations you've recorded in your family tree?

2. Get Rid of Early Variations

Over time I developed consistent wording to use on Emigration and Immigration facts. In the description field of an Emigration fact, I type, "Left for [city name] on the [ship name]." In the description field of the Immigration fact, I type, "Arrived [with family members] to join [family member] at [address]."

But I wasn't using that format from day one of building my family tree. Family Tree Analyzer can show me all Emigration and Immigration facts. It's easy to spot the inconsistencies this way. I found only one Emigration fact that had no description at all—the rest follow the right format.

As for Immigration facts, when I sort them by the Comment column, I find:

  • 2 entries with a typo (Arrive instead of Arrived)
  • a lot of entries following my original format ("Arrived aboard the [ship name]")
  • a small number of entries that cite a ship manifest but have no description at all

These are all items I can fix. The number is small because I completed all my immigration source citations long ago.

3. Remove Unwanted Facts

I used to find it interesting that draft cards and ship manifests stated a person's height and weight. When I view all the Height facts in my tree, I find only 7. And one is an obvious error (my cousin Bella was not 11 inches tall at birth). I've removed these unreliable, and often varying, sources of height from my family tree. Only 2 people in my tree had a Weight fact, and one was weight at birth. I've deleted them both.

There's a fact type called Medical Condition that I used random in the past, but only 13 times. Some of the 13 are details about the cause of death, and one mentions my great uncle's artificial eye. But most of the others make no sense in this category. I can fix these easily.

I also recorded 8 phone numbers in the Phone Number category. Two are for dead men, two are Italian phone numbers for cousins I've never met, and the rest are for people I'll never call. I'm sure that years ago I was so excited to find these pieces of information online that I recorded them. Now I'm going to delete them. Okay, I'm saving one phone number, but not in my family tree. I'm putting it in my iCloud contact list.


If you've been working on your family tree for a while, I'm sure you've formed opinions on how you want to save details. And I'm sure your style has evolved over time. Spend a day using the Facts report in Family Tree Analyzer to bring your old work up to speed. Your consistency makes your family tree—your legacy—more professional.

24 September 2024

10 Details Not to Miss on Italian Vital Records

You can't spend 8 hours a day examining Italian vital records without learning a few things. When I began searching these records, I knew nothing at all. No matter how long you've been researching your Italian family tree, you may be missing some details. Take a look.

a large number 10 sits on a map of Italy
Even if you've mastered the basics, there's more to learn from an Italian vital record.

Note that the way they recorded documents varies by era, and from place to place.

1. Stillborn Babies

If a birth record has a note in the margin saying nato morto, the baby was a stillborn—literally born dead. Or, on the line containing the baby's name, you may see the words senza vita—without life. Usually the clerk writes, "io riconosco essere senza vita"—I recognize the baby to be lifeless. How awful.

If the stillborn births are not included with the live births, they may be in the category called diversi. In many of these documents, the child has no first name, but the record tells you the baby's sex and the parents' names.

2. It's Twins!

Most of the time, town clerks recorded twins' births on separate documents. If you're looking at one record and see the word gemelli, you know it's a twin. These records often state which baby was born first. You may also see a senza vita note since infant mortality was high (see #7 below).

On some documents, they list both twins together. In the area where they write the baby's name, if you see multiple names, see if the word e (and) is between any of the names. This would tell you that it's two different babies. If the babies are different sexes, you'll notice that, too.

3. Grandfathers' Names

In some towns between 1866 and about 1873, they wrote vital records in longhand. They didn't use pre-printed forms. These record take a bit longer to dissect, but they do have a great advantage.

Birth records from this time often include the baby's grandfathers' names. This is a tremendous way to get a positive ID on the mom or dad. These documents also tend to give both the father and the mother's age, too. That's great because the mom's age is so often left out in other years.

Look for the grandfather's name immediately after each parent's name.

important facts are called out on Italian vital records
Once you know where to look, you won't overlook these important genealogy details for your Italian family tree.

4. Father Died in World War I

Sometimes you'll find a special notation in the margin of a 1913-1918 birth record. This tells you that the baby's father died in the war and gives you a date. This may answer an important question for you: Why didn't this couple have any more children?

The typical format looks like this:

"Il genitore รจ morto per la guerra nazionale come da comunicazione della Ministero della Guerra in data 8 Luglio 1917 number 142604."

Translation: The parent died in the national war as per communication from the Ministry of War dated 8 July 1917 number 142604. Note that this 1917 notation appears on a 1913 birth record.

5. Different Dates

It's amazing that many 1800s' babies were registered at town hall and baptized on the day they were born. That's unthinkable today for health reasons.

But remember this: The day the clerk wrote the document may NOT be the date of the birth, marriage, or death. Always look for a second date in the document that is a declaration of the day of the event.

If there's a baptism column on a birth record, or a church ceremony column on a marriage record, the same holds true. A baptism column may say, "On this date I recorded that on that date I baptized this baby who war born on that date". Or, "On this date I recorded that on that date I married this couple".

Here's a simple rule to follow. If there's more than one date surrounding any event, use the earliest one. You can't record an event before it happened.

6. More Dates on the Bottom

I felt disappointed that my 2nd great grandmother's town had no matrimoni processetti. These are the birth and death records associated with a marriage. Then I realized her town handled those dates in a different way.

They didn't record copies of the associated vital records. They wrote the dates at the bottom of the marriage record itself. Look for a list of:

  • Exact birth dates of the groom and bride.
  • Exact death dates of their parents and paternal grandfathers, if appropriate.
  • Exact death date of a previous spouse, if appropriate.

These dates may help you find the original record. But if the birth or death happened before record-keeping began, this is all you'll get. Don't overlook it!

7. Who's Alive and Who's Dead

Any Italian vital record may tell you the name of any person's father. Even the name of a witness on a document may include their father's first name right after their name. Their father's name helps distinguish them from the 5 other guys in town with the exact same name!

Sometimes you'll also see the name of a person's mother—always using her maiden name*. But did you know there are hints to tell you if a person's mother or father is dead? If you see the word di (of), as in Giovanni Bianco di Antonio, then the father (Antonio) is alive. But if you see fu (was) instead of di, or defunto (deceased), the father is dead.

* Italian women use their father's last name for life. It's only if they emigrate to another country that they may use their husband's last name.

Some death records may tell you the person's mother and father are both dead. If you see "figlio dei fu Giovanni e Maria Cocca," for example, you know that both parents are dead. The dei in dei fu is plural, so both parents have died. The document may say degli furono, which is also plural. Or it may use the Latin version: quondam, sometimes abbreviated as qm. I used to think I could only assume that their father was dead until I realized dei, degli, and furono are all plural.

And don't forget about widows. If a man's death record mentions says "vedovo di Angela Galdiero," then we know he was a widower and Angela died first. Keep an eye out for vedovo di or vedova di. There's also an abbreviation, ved, which I've seen on grave markers in Italy.

8. No Parents or One Parent

There was a lot of hanky panky going on in some of our ancestral hometowns. That adds up to lots of out-of-wedlock births. Some birth records name only the baby's mother and padre incerto (father unknown). In rare cases, a man will report his child's birth but he won't name the mother. These documents will say that he recognizes the baby as his own. And then there are the projetti. The midwife usually reports these births. Of course she knows who the mother is, but she doesn't name anyone. The midwife, the mayor, or the clerk gives these babies a random name.

There were women in town who nursed and cared for the babies for some form of payment. Sadly, a lot of these babies died young.

details are highlighted on Italian vital records
Here are 3 more genealogy details you need to capture for your Italian family tree.

Two more details apply more to families than a specific vital record.

9. Same-Named Children

Have you found a family that seems to have 2 or more children with the exact same name and wondered what's going on? While I have seen an exception* or two, you can assume the first baby died before their same-named sibling was born. This is a handy piece of information if the death records aren't available for the right years.

* My only explanation for 2 brothers named Giuseppe Nicola who grew old is that they called one Giuseppe and the other Nicola. It's still weird.

On a related note, if a man or woman dies and their spouse remarries, they are likely to name their next child after the deceased spouse. And if a man dies while his wife is pregnant, she will name the child after him.

10. Marriage Missing

When I began recording vital records, I was curious about couples with no marriage record. I recorded their marriage banns, and they had a bunch of legitimate babies. Why wasn't there a marriage record?

Later I learned the reason why. If a bride and groom came from different towns, they usually married in her town. But they had to publish their intention to marry in both towns. If you have a situation where there's no marriage record , see if the wife came from another town. If she did, try to find banns and a marriage record in her hometown.


Take another look at the Italian nationals in your family tree. Have you overlooked any of these 10 important details?

17 September 2024

How to Retrieve Old Memories for Your Life Story

I've written about creating your ancestor's life story ("5 Steps to Writing Your Ancestor's Life Story") and your own life story ("4 Steps to Writing Your Own Life Story"). To build my life story, I have a Word document filled with chronological lists of my:

  • homes
  • jobs
  • schools
  • vacations
  • special events, and more.

Once in a while I open the document to add more details. Whenever a new memory pops up, I add it to the list.

A brain is seen inside a woman's head with its neurons firing.

Memory is a funny thing. When my high school classmate died months ago, I tried to recall the adventures we'd had together. My memories were only mental snapshots:

  • Her sitting with me when I had a migraine on a high school class trip.
  • A shiny red Honda CRX that pulled up as we waited for a valet to bring our car.
  • A bare living room in the apartment we almost rented together.

Is that it? We spent so much time together. Then I realized my earliest memories are all mental snapshots.

  • Age 3: Holding onto my mom's legs as she washed her hair in the kitchen sink.
  • Age 4: Mom on the floor sobbing over the murder of President Kennedy.
  • Age 5: Dead moths on a plastic hall runner the night we moved into our new house.
  • Age 6: A spelling lesson in Miss Garrety's 1st grade classroom.

When we're putting together our own life story, what can we do to bring back forgotten memories?

There are different types of memories. I can remember the address of the 16 homes I've lived in because they were each repeated so many times over the years. That's very handy for your life story, but addresses are not stories.

What we want to pull out of our long-term memory storage is episodic memories. For example:

  • My first day in a new school when I realized the other kids could write in script. No one taught me yet. (I have a mental snapshot of this.)
  • Riding in an ambulance after mom and I were in a terrible car crash. (I remember crashing but not the ambulance.)

A Harvard Health Publishing article says our memory gets worse after age 30, and quite a bit worse after age 50. It also says you can bring back those memories by thinking of cues related to a memory. Other times a cue makes a memory come flooding back on its own. Here are 4 of those cues.

Music

Does hearing an old song transport you to a long-ago time when you listened to it? Some songs remind me of the feeling I had at that time. I heard a George Harrison song the other day, and I felt as though I were in my sophomore year dorm room at CW Post. If I play that entire album, I should remember more about that school year.

If you hear a song that makes you nostalgic, think hard about it. What are you remembering?

Photographs

Facebook shows me "memories" of my posts from years ago. Looking at old vacation photos does bring back specific events from long-term memory. Talking about it with my husband, pooling my memories with his, bring out more details.

On my old roommate's birthday, I posted a photo of the two of us as 19 year olds. I remembered the exact situation and who took the photo. She had the same memory of that day. It was memorable because it was a brief, joyful reunion after she'd left college.

Do you have old photos and someone you can discuss them with?

Words

I was looking up someone in my high school yearbook recently. At the back of the book I saw a long message from my best friend. As I scanned through it, and she named all the crazy times we'd had together, a lot of them were a complete blank. But if I read it again, her words may trigger those missing memories. And I can ask her what she still remembers.

Do you have an old journal or memories shared in a yearbook? See if reading these words brings back those memories.

Food

Once I was rushing through a train station when I passed a shop with the aroma of chicken soup wafting out. All I could think was: Grandma! At 40 years old, it was the first time I realized Grandma always smelled like chicken soup to me.

I use honey in my coffee and tea instead of sugar. I adore honey. One day when I used my finger to put a drop of honey in my mouth, bam! I remembered exactly why I adore honey. Every Christmas as a kid, my mom, Grandma, and my step-grandmother all made struffoli. This Italian delight is little fried dough balls piled up, coated with honey, and covered in colorful sprinkles. I loved to swipe up the puddles of honey on the plate with my finger.

Has an aroma or a taste ever triggered a memory for you? I love how a small cake triggered all seven volumes of Marcel Proust's "Remembrance of Things Past".

The Harvard Health Publishing article linked above says to use these stimuli or cues. Make an effort to focus on them. Stop what you're doing and think only about that song, photo, words, or food and the memories they conjure.

If you do bring back a memory, write it down, talk about it, record your thoughts. Once you bring back a memory, you may find that related memories are there for you, too.

A Note about Repetition

If you recognize something that you want to remember while it's fresh, keep talking about it. Or write about it. I wrote about my second vacation in Italy during the vacation. I believe most of those details would have been forgotten if I hadn't written them down.

My older son started talking so early that he mispronounced a lot of words—which was adorable. A school bus was a two buck, a big truck was a bee chuch, cardboard was core bore.

My younger son, who wasn't born yet, knows all these funny words because I've repeated them so many times. The three of us use these words in conversation, and no one skips a beat.

Today my younger son's girlfriend knows that umbubba means umbrella, and my dog knows that ah-ca-ca means helicopter. The other day another of his mispronunciations came to me out of the blue. I texted both boys that very minute. I need to capture the full list!

Don't wait any longer. I'll bet you can bring back some memories by listing the key facts in your life story. Dwell on these facts and see what else comes rushing back.